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Electronic Devices & CircuitsSemiconductor Fundamentals

For a nondegenerate semiconductor in thermal equilibrium, the mass-action law is expressed as?

  • Anp = ni^2
  • Bn + p = ni^2
  • Cn/p = ni
  • Dnp = ni
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Correct Answer: A. np = ni^2
Explanation: At thermal equilibrium, the product of electron and hole concentrations equals the square of the intrinsic carrier concentration: np = ni².
Reference: Standard semiconductor electronics: mass-action law
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