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SAIL MCQs

Practice SAIL-oriented Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering MCQs with answers and explanations for technical exam preparation. Questions are arranged in pages of up to 100.

Question 1101
Power ElectronicsSCR Commutation

Forced commutation is especially required for a conventional SCR in many?

  • ADC circuits
  • BPurely line-commutated AC circuits only
  • CPassive resistor networks with no source
  • DUncontrolled diode rectifiers
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. DC circuits
Explanation: A DC source has no natural current zero, so auxiliary circuitry is often required to force SCR current below holding current.
Reference: Standard power electronics: scr commutation
Question 1102
Power ElectronicsSingle-Phase Controlled Rectifiers

For a single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier with a resistive load, the SCR conducts from firing angle alpha to?

  • Api radians
  • B2pi radians in every case
  • Calpha/2
  • Dpi/2 regardless of alpha
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. pi radians
Explanation: With a resistive load, current follows voltage and becomes zero at the supply zero crossing at omega t=pi.
Reference: Standard power electronics: single-phase controlled rectifiers
Question 1103
Power ElectronicsRectifier Numericals

For a single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier with resistive load and supply peak Vm, the average output voltage is?

  • AVm(1+cos alpha)/(2pi)
  • B2Vm cos alpha/pi
  • CVm sin alpha/pi
  • DVm(1-cos alpha)/pi
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Vm(1+cos alpha)/(2pi)
Explanation: Averaging Vm sin(theta) from alpha to pi over a full 2pi period gives Vdc=Vm(1+cos alpha)/(2pi).
Reference: Standard power electronics: rectifier numericals
Question 1105
Power ElectronicsSCR Characteristics

In the forward-blocking region of an SCR, the device is forward biased but remains OFF until?

  • AIt is triggered or forward breakover is reached
  • BThe anode becomes negative
  • CThe load current becomes zero only
  • DThe cathode is disconnected
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. It is triggered or forward breakover is reached
Explanation: In forward blocking, an SCR supports positive anode-to-cathode voltage until gate triggering or breakover initiates regenerative turn-on.
Reference: Standard power electronics: scr characteristics
Question 1109
Power ElectronicsSCR Protection

A high rate of rise of forward voltage across an OFF SCR may cause unwanted turn-on due to?

  • AJunction capacitance current
  • BHolding current becoming zero
  • CLoad resistance becoming infinite
  • DGate resistance alone
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Junction capacitance current
Explanation: Internal junction capacitances carry i=C dv/dt; excessive dv/dt can create sufficient internal current to trigger the SCR.
Reference: Standard power electronics: scr protection
Question 1110
Power ElectronicsSCR Protection

A snubber circuit connected across an SCR is commonly used to limit?

  • Adv/dt
  • BLoad frequency to zero
  • CGate current to exactly zero
  • DDC output power
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. dv/dt
Explanation: An RC snubber reduces the rate of rise of voltage across the SCR and helps prevent false triggering.
Reference: Standard power electronics: scr protection
Question 1111
Power ElectronicsFreewheeling Operation

One important benefit of a freewheeling diode in an inductive rectifier load is reduction of?

  • ANegative load-voltage excursions
  • BAverage load current to zero
  • CLoad inductance
  • DSupply frequency
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Negative load-voltage excursions
Explanation: The diode provides a local current path and clamps the load voltage near zero during freewheeling, preventing substantial negative load voltage.
Reference: Standard power electronics: freewheeling operation
Question 1113
Power ElectronicsControlled Rectifiers

In a controlled rectifier, delaying the firing angle generally provides control over the?

  • AAverage output voltage
  • BSupply frequency
  • CNumber of semiconductor layers
  • DPhysical transformer turns ratio
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Average output voltage
Explanation: Phase control changes the portion and polarity-weighted interval of the AC waveform applied to the load, thereby controlling average output voltage.
Reference: Standard power electronics: controlled rectifiers
Question 1117
Power ElectronicsFull Converters

For a single-phase fully controlled bridge with continuous current, increasing alpha beyond 90 degrees makes the average DC-side voltage?

  • ANegative
  • BAlways positive
  • CExactly zero for all alpha
  • DIndependent of alpha
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Negative
Explanation: Since cos alpha becomes negative for 90°<alpha<180°, the converter's average DC voltage becomes negative; with suitable DC-side conditions this corresponds to inversion/regeneration.
Reference: Standard power electronics: full converters
Question 1120
Power ElectronicsSemi-Converters

Compared with a fully controlled bridge, a single-phase semi-converter uses?

  • ATwo SCRs and two diodes
  • BFour SCRs
  • CFour MOSFETs only
  • DOne SCR and three DIACs
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Two SCRs and two diodes
Explanation: A conventional single-phase semi-converter is a half-controlled bridge containing two thyristors and two diodes.
Reference: Standard power electronics: semi-converters
Question 1121
Power ElectronicsFreewheeling Operation

For an RL load, a freewheeling diode can improve load-current continuity by conducting when?

  • AThe main rectifier path no longer supplies the inductive current
  • BThe load inductance becomes zero
  • CThe AC source is permanently disconnected
  • DThe gate pulse is at its maximum only
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. The main rectifier path no longer supplies the inductive current
Explanation: Stored magnetic energy in the load inductance maintains current through the freewheeling diode when the source-side device stops conducting.
Reference: Standard power electronics: freewheeling operation
Question 1122
Power ElectronicsFreewheeling Operation

When an ideal freewheeling diode conducts across an RL load, the load voltage is approximately?

  • AZero
  • BEqual to the negative supply peak
  • CTwice the supply peak
  • DInfinite
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Zero
Explanation: The conducting ideal diode effectively shorts the load terminals for the freewheeling interval, making load voltage approximately zero while current circulates.
Reference: Standard power electronics: freewheeling operation
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Question 1127
Power ElectronicsDC-DC Converters

An ideal boost converter is used when the required DC output voltage is generally?

  • AGreater than the DC input voltage
  • BAlways zero
  • CLess than the input in every case
  • DAC rather than DC
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Greater than the DC input voltage
Explanation: A boost converter raises the DC voltage magnitude under ideal continuous-conduction operation.
Reference: Standard power electronics: dc-dc converters
Question 1130
Power ElectronicsSwitching Losses

Switching loss in a practical semiconductor device occurs mainly during?

  • ATurn-on and turn-off transitions
  • BThe ideal OFF state only
  • CThe ideal ON state with zero voltage drop
  • DMechanical rotation
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Turn-on and turn-off transitions
Explanation: During switching transitions, appreciable voltage and current coexist for finite time, producing energy loss.
Reference: Standard power electronics: switching losses
Question 1136
Power ElectronicsPWM Inverters

Sinusoidal PWM in an inverter is commonly obtained by comparing a low-frequency sinusoidal reference with a?

  • AHigh-frequency triangular carrier
  • BDC resistance
  • CSquare-wave load current only
  • DMechanical timing disk
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. High-frequency triangular carrier
Explanation: SPWM compares a sinusoidal modulating/reference signal with a higher-frequency triangular carrier to determine switching instants.
Reference: Standard power electronics: pwm inverters
Question 1137
Power ElectronicsPWM Inverters

In sinusoidal PWM, increasing the carrier frequency while keeping the fundamental reference frequency fixed generally moves dominant switching harmonics?

  • ATo higher frequencies
  • BTo DC
  • CExactly onto the fundamental
  • DTo zero frequency
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. To higher frequencies
Explanation: Higher carrier frequency shifts switching-related harmonic groups upward, which can simplify output filtering at the cost of higher switching losses.
Reference: Standard power electronics: pwm inverters
Question 1138
Power ElectronicsAC Voltage Controllers

A single-phase AC voltage controller with a resistive load commonly uses two antiparallel SCRs or a?

  • ATRIAC
  • BPower diode only
  • CZener diode
  • DBJT operated as a linear amplifier only
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. TRIAC
Explanation: A TRIAC provides bidirectional controlled conduction and can replace two antiparallel SCRs in many single-phase AC controllers.
Reference: Standard power electronics: ac voltage controllers
Question 1139
Power ElectronicsAC Voltage Controllers

With a purely resistive load in an AC voltage controller, increasing the firing angle generally causes the RMS load voltage to?

  • ADecrease
  • BIncrease above the source RMS without a transformer
  • CRemain constant
  • DBecome DC
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Decrease
Explanation: A larger firing delay reduces the conduction interval in each half-cycle, lowering the RMS output voltage.
Reference: Standard power electronics: ac voltage controllers
Question 1140
Power ElectronicsDC-DC Converters

The ideal inverting buck-boost converter output voltage is given by?

  • AVo/Vs = -D/(1-D)
  • BVo/Vs = D
  • CVo/Vs = 1/(1-D)
  • DVo/Vs = 1-D
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Vo/Vs = -D/(1-D)
Explanation: The basic inverting buck-boost converter produces an output of opposite polarity with magnitude D/(1-D) times the input.
Reference: Standard power electronics: dc-dc converters
Question 1143
Power ElectronicsSwitching Devices

A major advantage of operating a power semiconductor as a switch rather than in its linear region is?

  • AHigher conversion efficiency
  • BGuaranteed zero electromagnetic interference
  • CInfinite switching frequency
  • DNo need for protection circuits
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Higher conversion efficiency
Explanation: Switch-mode operation ideally keeps either voltage or current small in the device, reducing power dissipation compared with linear control.
Reference: Standard power electronics: switching devices
Question 1144
Power ElectronicsPower MOSFET

For high-frequency low-to-medium voltage switching, a power MOSFET is often preferred because of its?

  • AFast switching capability
  • BNeed for continuous gate current
  • CLatching behavior like an SCR
  • DVery slow turn-off
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Fast switching capability
Explanation: Power MOSFETs are majority-carrier devices and can switch rapidly, making them useful at relatively high switching frequencies.
Reference: Standard power electronics: power mosfet
Question 1145
Power ElectronicsIGBT

Compared with a power MOSFET, an IGBT is commonly attractive in applications requiring?

  • AHigher voltage and substantial power handling at moderate switching frequencies
  • BOnly microampere signal amplification
  • CNo gate drive at all
  • DBidirectional blocking without any circuit consideration
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Higher voltage and substantial power handling at moderate switching frequencies
Explanation: IGBTs combine voltage-controlled gate drive with strong high-voltage/current capability, though typically at lower switching speeds than MOSFETs.
Reference: Standard power electronics: igbt
Question 1146
Power ElectronicsAC Power Control

Integral-cycle control regulates AC power by applying?

  • AComplete supply cycles to the load for some intervals and blocking complete cycles for others
  • BOnly one microsecond pulse per year
  • CA continuously variable DC voltage
  • DA different transformer turns ratio every half-cycle
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Complete supply cycles to the load for some intervals and blocking complete cycles for others
Explanation: Integral-cycle or on-off control passes whole AC cycles during ON intervals and suppresses whole cycles during OFF intervals.
Reference: Standard power electronics: ac power control
Question 1147
Power ElectronicsAC Power Control

Integral-cycle control is particularly suitable for loads with relatively large thermal time constants, such as?

  • AElectric heaters
  • BHigh-frequency RF mixers
  • CSmall-signal microphone preamplifiers
  • DCrystal oscillators
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Electric heaters
Explanation: Thermal loads respond slowly, so groups of complete AC cycles can regulate average heating power without requiring rapid output response.
Reference: Standard power electronics: ac power control
Question 1149
Power ElectronicsThree-Phase Rectifiers

Compared with a single-phase rectifier, a three-phase bridge generally provides?

  • ALower output ripple for comparable conditions
  • BOnly one output pulse per cycle
  • CNo DC component
  • DZero power capability
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Lower output ripple for comparable conditions
Explanation: The higher pulse number of a three-phase bridge produces smoother DC and makes filtering easier.
Reference: Standard power electronics: three-phase rectifiers
Question 1150
Power ElectronicsCommutation Overlap

Source inductance in a practical controlled rectifier causes commutation overlap because?

  • ACurrent transfer between devices cannot occur instantaneously
  • BGate pulses become DC
  • CLoad resistance becomes infinite
  • DSupply frequency becomes zero
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Current transfer between devices cannot occur instantaneously
Explanation: Inductance opposes instantaneous current change, so outgoing and incoming devices conduct simultaneously for a finite overlap interval.
Reference: Standard power electronics: commutation overlap
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Question 1152
Power ElectronicsCycloconverters

A cycloconverter is most commonly used to obtain an output frequency that is?

  • ALower than the input frequency
  • BAlways much higher than input
  • CExactly DC only
  • DIndependent of switching sequence
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Lower than the input frequency
Explanation: Line-commutated cycloconverters are particularly suited to direct conversion from fixed-frequency AC to lower-frequency AC.
Reference: Standard power electronics: cycloconverters
Question 1153
Power ElectronicsCycloconverters

A major application of high-power cycloconverters is?

  • ALow-speed large AC motor drives
  • BSmall battery-powered calculators
  • CAudio microphone biasing
  • DDC resistance measurement only
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Low-speed large AC motor drives
Explanation: Cycloconverters have historically been used in high-power, low-speed variable-frequency motor-drive applications.
Reference: Standard power electronics: cycloconverters
Question 1154
Power ElectronicsInverter Protection

In a voltage-source inverter, shoot-through of one bridge leg means?

  • AThe upper and lower switches of the same leg conduct simultaneously
  • BAll switches remain OFF
  • COnly the load current becomes zero
  • DThe DC source is disconnected safely
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. The upper and lower switches of the same leg conduct simultaneously
Explanation: Simultaneous conduction of both devices in one leg creates a very low-impedance path across the DC link and can damage the switches.
Reference: Standard power electronics: inverter protection
Question 1155
Power ElectronicsThree-Phase Rectifiers

For an ideal three-phase fully controlled bridge rectifier with continuous DC current, the average output voltage is commonly written as?

  • A1.35 VLL cos alpha
  • B0.45 VLL cos alpha
  • C2.34 VLL sin alpha
  • DVLL/(1-D)
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. 1.35 VLL cos alpha
Explanation: For a six-pulse three-phase full converter with continuous current and negligible overlap, Vdc=1.35 VLL cos alpha, where VLL is the RMS line-to-line input voltage.
Reference: Standard power electronics: three-phase rectifiers
Question 1162
Power ElectronicsDevice Selection

For high-voltage, high-power switching at moderate switching frequency, which device is commonly a suitable fully controllable choice?

  • AIGBT
  • BDIAC
  • CUncontrolled power diode
  • DConventional SCR with no turn-off circuit in every case
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. IGBT
Explanation: IGBTs are widely used where substantial voltage/current capability and gate-controlled turn-on/turn-off are required at moderate switching frequencies.
Reference: Standard power electronics: device selection
Question 1163
Power ElectronicsPower Factor

A controlled rectifier drawing a highly non-sinusoidal and phase-delayed input current can have reduced input power factor due to?

  • ABoth displacement and distortion effects
  • BOnly transformer turns ratio
  • COnly DC load resistance
  • DAntenna radiation loss
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Both displacement and distortion effects
Explanation: Converter input power factor can be degraded by phase displacement of the fundamental current and by harmonic distortion of the input current waveform.
Reference: Standard power electronics: power factor
Question 1164
Power ElectronicsInverter Protection

Dead time in an inverter bridge is intentionally inserted mainly to prevent?

  • AShoot-through
  • BFundamental output voltage
  • CPWM operation
  • DLoad current flow in every interval
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Shoot-through
Explanation: A short blanking interval between turning one switch OFF and its complementary switch ON prevents cross-conduction.
Reference: Standard power electronics: inverter protection
Question 1165
Power ElectronicsPWM Inverters

In sinusoidal PWM, the amplitude modulation index in the linear region is commonly the ratio of?

  • AReference sine amplitude to carrier amplitude
  • BCarrier frequency to reference frequency
  • CDC-link voltage to load current
  • DSwitching loss to conduction loss
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Reference sine amplitude to carrier amplitude
Explanation: For carrier-based SPWM, amplitude modulation index ma is the peak reference/modulating signal divided by the peak carrier signal.
Reference: Standard power electronics: pwm inverters
Question 1167
Power ElectronicsPWM Inverters

In sinusoidal PWM, the frequency modulation ratio is commonly defined as?

  • ACarrier frequency divided by reference frequency
  • BReference amplitude divided by carrier amplitude
  • COutput voltage divided by input voltage
  • DLoad current divided by switch current
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Carrier frequency divided by reference frequency
Explanation: mf=fc/fm, where fc is carrier frequency and fm is the desired fundamental/reference frequency.
Reference: Standard power electronics: pwm inverters
Question 1171
Power ElectronicsHarmonics

Total harmonic distortion (THD) is a measure of?

  • AHarmonic content relative to the fundamental component
  • BOnly DC input voltage
  • CSemiconductor junction temperature
  • DGate resistance
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Harmonic content relative to the fundamental component
Explanation: THD quantifies the RMS contribution of harmonics relative to the RMS fundamental component.
Reference: Standard power electronics: harmonics
Question 1172
Power ElectronicsPWM Inverters

An output filter at a PWM inverter is mainly used to?

  • AAttenuate switching-frequency harmonics
  • BIncrease semiconductor layer count
  • CGenerate gate pulses
  • DEliminate the DC source
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Attenuate switching-frequency harmonics
Explanation: The filter passes the desired low-frequency fundamental while reducing high-frequency switching components.
Reference: Standard power electronics: pwm inverters
Question 1173
Computer & Networking BasicsComputer Fundamentals

CPU stands for?

  • ACentral Processing Unit
  • BComputer Primary Utility
  • CCentral Program User
  • DControl Processing Utility
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Central Processing Unit
Explanation: CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and executes instructions while coordinating major processing operations.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: computer fundamentals
Question 1175
Computer & Networking BasicsComputer Fundamentals

Which CPU component directs and coordinates the execution of instructions?

  • AControl Unit
  • BHard disk
  • CMonitor
  • DNetwork cable
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Control Unit
Explanation: The control unit interprets instructions and coordinates operations within the processor and other system components.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: computer fundamentals
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Question 1176
Computer & Networking BasicsOperating Systems

An operating system primarily acts as an interface between?

  • AUsers/applications and computer hardware
  • BTwo resistors only
  • CAntenna and free space
  • DTransformer windings
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Users/applications and computer hardware
Explanation: An operating system manages hardware resources and provides services/interfaces for users and application software.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: operating systems
Question 1177
Computer & Networking BasicsOperating Systems

Which of the following is an example of an operating system?

  • ALinux
  • BHTML
  • CHTTP
  • DEthernet cable
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Linux
Explanation: Linux is an operating system; HTML is a markup language and HTTP is an application-layer protocol.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: operating systems
Question 1178
Computer & Networking BasicsNetworking Fundamentals

A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can?

  • AExchange data and share resources
  • BOnly perform isolated calculations
  • COperate without any communication medium or protocol
  • DConvert AC to DC
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Exchange data and share resources
Explanation: Networks connect devices so they can communicate and share data, services and resources.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: networking fundamentals
Question 1179
Computer & Networking BasicsNetwork Types

LAN stands for?

  • ALocal Area Network
  • BLong Access Node
  • CLogical Analog Network
  • DLarge Antenna Network
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Local Area Network
Explanation: LAN means Local Area Network, typically covering a limited area such as a building, office or campus.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: network types
Question 1180
Computer & Networking BasicsNetwork Types

WAN stands for?

  • AWide Area Network
  • BWireless Access Number
  • CWired Analog Node
  • DWeb Application Name
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Wide Area Network
Explanation: WAN means Wide Area Network and spans larger geographic areas than a typical LAN.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: network types
Question 1182
Computer & Networking BasicsNetworking Devices

An Ethernet switch primarily forwards frames using?

  • AMAC addresses
  • BOnly domain names
  • CCPU clock frequency
  • DFile extensions
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. MAC addresses
Explanation: A Layer-2 Ethernet switch learns MAC addresses and uses its forwarding table to send frames toward the appropriate port.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: networking devices
Question 1183
Computer & Networking BasicsNetworking Devices

A repeater is mainly used to?

  • ARegenerate or reshape signals to extend transmission distance
  • BAssign IP addresses
  • CTranslate domain names
  • DEncrypt every application message
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Regenerate or reshape signals to extend transmission distance
Explanation: A repeater operates at the physical layer and regenerates signals so they can travel farther.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: networking devices
Question 1186
Computer & Networking BasicsComputer Memory

Which memory is normally the fastest among these?

  • ACPU register
  • BMain RAM
  • CSSD
  • DHard disk drive
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. CPU register
Explanation: Registers are located within the CPU and provide extremely fast storage for operands, addresses and intermediate results.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: computer memory
Question 1187
Computer & Networking BasicsComputer Memory

Cache memory is mainly used to?

  • AReduce the average time needed by the CPU to access frequently used data and instructions
  • BReplace all secondary storage permanently
  • CProvide internet connectivity
  • DConvert analog signals to digital
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Reduce the average time needed by the CPU to access frequently used data and instructions
Explanation: Cache stores frequently or recently used information close to the CPU, reducing average memory-access latency.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: computer memory
Question 1188
Computer & Networking BasicsData Representation

One byte contains how many bits?

  • A4
  • B8
  • C16
  • D32
Report an error
Correct Answer: B. 8
Explanation: A byte is conventionally defined as 8 bits.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: data representation
Question 1189
Computer & Networking BasicsData Representation

A binary digit can have which values?

  • A0 or 1
  • B0 to 7
  • C0 to 9
  • DA to F only
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. 0 or 1
Explanation: A bit is a binary digit and has two possible values: 0 and 1.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: data representation
Question 1192
Computer & Networking BasicsNetworking Devices

NIC stands for?

  • ANetwork Interface Card
  • BNetwork Internet Code
  • CNode Integration Cable
  • DNumeric Interface Controller
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Network Interface Card
Explanation: A Network Interface Card or controller provides a device with a network interface.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: networking devices
Question 1194
Computer & Networking BasicsOSI Model

Which is the lowest layer of the OSI model?

  • APhysical layer
  • BTransport layer
  • CSession layer
  • DApplication layer
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Physical layer
Explanation: The Physical layer is Layer 1 and deals with transmission of raw bits over the physical medium.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: osi model
Question 1195
Computer & Networking BasicsOSI Model

Which OSI layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing?

  • ANetwork layer
  • BData Link layer
  • CPresentation layer
  • DPhysical layer
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Network layer
Explanation: The Network layer provides logical addressing and routing functions between networks.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: osi model
Question 1196
Computer & Networking BasicsOSI Model

Which OSI layer provides process-to-process transport services and commonly includes reliability and flow-control functions?

  • ATransport layer
  • BPhysical layer
  • CPresentation layer
  • DData Link layer
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Transport layer
Explanation: The Transport layer provides end-to-end process communication; protocols such as TCP can add reliability and flow control.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: osi model
Question 1197
Computer & Networking BasicsOSI Model

Which OSI layer is closest to end-user network applications?

  • AApplication layer
  • BPhysical layer
  • CData Link layer
  • DNetwork layer
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. Application layer
Explanation: Layer 7, the Application layer, provides network services directly used by application processes.
Reference: Standard computer and networking fundamentals: osi model
Question 1198
Computer & Networking BasicsIPv4 Addressing

An IPv4 address contains how many bits?

  • A16
  • B32
  • C64
  • D128
Report an error
Correct Answer: B. 32
Explanation: IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long, normally written as four decimal octets.
Reference: Standard computer networking fundamentals: ipv4 addressing
Question 1199
Computer & Networking BasicsIPv4 Addressing

Which of the following is a valid IPv4 address?

  • A192.168.1.25
  • B192.168.300.1
  • C10.10.10.256
  • D172.16.1
Report an error
Correct Answer: A. 192.168.1.25
Explanation: Each IPv4 octet must be in the range 0 through 255 and the usual dotted-decimal form contains four octets.
Reference: Standard computer networking fundamentals: ipv4 addressing
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