For cascaded stages, Friis’ formula shows that the overall receiver noise performance is strongly influenced by?

  • AThe noise factor and gain of the first stage
  • BOnly the last-stage output power
  • CAntenna color
  • DAudio-frequency volume setting
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Correct Answer: A. The noise factor and gain of the first stage
Explanation: In Friis' cascade formula, noise contributions of later stages are divided by preceding gains, making a low-noise high-gain first stage especially important.
Reference: Standard communication systems: Friis formula